Ivano Dones, MD, graduated from the Università Statale di Milano in Medicine and Surgery, and specialized in Neurology at the Università Statale di Parma and in Neurosurgery at the Università Statale di Milano, all of which are in Italy. He has been working at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Fondazione Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta” in Milan as a functional neurosurgeon involved in the surgical treatment of chronic pain and spasticity since 1990. He was previously President of the Italian Chapter of the International Neuromodulation Society (INS), and is the Italian representative of the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (ESSFN).

Vincenzo Levi, MD, graduated from the Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy, in Medicine and Surgery and conducted his residency in Neurosurgery at the Università Statale di Milano, Italy, in 2018. He is currently working at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Fondazione Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta” in Milano as a functional neurosurgeon involved in the surgical treatment of movement disorders, epilepsy, chronic pain and spasticity. He is also attending the PhD course in Bioengineering at the Politecnico di Milano, Italy.